Exosomes derived from MSC - Mesenchymal Stem Cells help enhance angiogenesis in the skin for the wound healing process. Angiogenesis is the process or formation in which the new blood vessels are developed. During the wound-healing process, topical human exosomes encourage angiogenesis that amplifies wound healing. Much research in the context of wound healing, especially burn wounds, is being conducted over exosomes to find effective solutions that accelerate healing. When there is injury, the skin cells release some exosomes that assist in wound healing. These immune cells clean the wound as well as reduce the chances of infection. There are many properties of exosomes used for the wound healing process. Its pro-inflammatory protein encourages the release of cytokines and chemokines that further initiate the production of immune cells.
Immune cells are further needed for the process of healing. After tissue trauma and aesthetic procedures, the exosomes derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) can accelerate the heading. These exosomes promote cell-to-cell communication and promote the growth of fibroblasts(FGFs) that help in closing the wound. Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent with a self-renewal capacity that helps in wound healing.
Wound healing is a dynamic process of a series of events including overlapping spatial, and temporal phases which include inflammation, and tissue remodeling. With self-renewal capacity and other properties, MSC can help in the wound-healing process. The Mesenchymal Stem Cells play an important role in fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, keratinocyte activities, and keloid for wound-related formation.
Many stem cell-derived exosomes have been studied such as bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC), and adipose adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem cells (ADSCs). During the wound healing process, the infusion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells contributes to immunoregulation, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization and can help in fibrotic remodeling, promoting endogenous cells, and the formation of skin appendages.
Limitations of MSCs for Wound Healing Process Due to Lack of Clinical Research
However, Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) applications in wound healing have certain limitations. There are different phases of the wound healing process as well as different complications of wound healing. These include hemostasis, tissue reconstruction, and inflammation, etc. With complications in the wound healing process, MSCs can vary and have limitations. There is much research and innovation underway. However, there are some recent students where the concept of MSCs for wound healing and treating chronic wounds can be utilized.
Stem cells are an important and interesting part of the subject worldwide. However, there are requirements for more clinical analysis of these cells in the wound healing process. Even though there is some research in modern medicine regarding stem cells, the clinical analysis on the same is limited. Common wounds for MSCs are effective, but further studies on wound complexity and use of MSCs need to be studied. The comprehensive studies that concentrate on practical Mesenchymal Stem Cells' utility for wound healing that will help in MSC-based product development used for therapies can be effective.
