Treatment using stem cells has been the most interesting topic for researchers to help in several chronic conditions. Some of the stem cell researchers suggest exponential results. The areas of stem cell research include regeneration of tissues, tissue repair, and predominantly mesenchymal stem cell research. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy has produced several beneficial results for patients but there are some major limitations with the scalability of mesenchymal stem cell therapy. However, there are cells called exosomes which are derived from mesenchymal stem cells and produce similar effects. Exosomes are well secured by paracrine signaling methods. They overcome some of the challenges faced by mesenchymal stem cells. Exosomes have several advantages such as low immune reaction, high ability to repair, and benefit of targeted delivery.
Several Methods to Isolate Exosomes
There are several methods to produce exosomes for their distinct advantages. In practice there Severn viable methods to produce effective exosomes:
- Differential Centrifugation
- Precipitation Methods
- Flushing Separation
- Ultrafiltration
- Immunomagnetic bead method
- Micro Fluid Separation
- Mass Spectrometry
Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy
Let's Explore the Applications of Differently Derived Exosomes in Stem Cell Treatment:
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HAD-MSC-Derived Exosome Applications:
They promote the healing of wounds. It can be used for hair growth due to its potent results. Additionally, they improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy resulting in better prognosis.
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HUC -MSC Derived Exosomes Applications:
These exosomes prevent the inhibition of epidermal cancer cells to divide and spread. It is also effective in decreasing swelling and excess fluid production in the brain. Cosmetically it can be used for anti-aging treatment.
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HBMSC-Derived Exosome Applications:
Myeloma cells' cancerous growth is reduced using HBMSC exosomes. It promotes the new blood cell formations i.e. hematopoiesis. It helps in several bone and cartilage conditions like osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, and cartilage tears or damage.
Special Benefits of Exosomes in Disease Treatment
There are several benefits reported with the extensive research and studies of mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes derived from them.
- Work as signaling molecules
- Provide same Effects as Mesenchymal stem cells
- exosomes have better membrane structure
- Mesenchymal stem-derived exosomes are better tolerated by patients
- Very low occurrences of immunogenicity reactions in the body
- Good repairability properties
Major Drawbacks Faced with Stem Cell Therapy
There are several issues researchers came across while studying the exosomes of stem cell therapy. The in-depth Exploration and studies will provide scope to address more issues and the ways to resolve them.
- Optimum and reliable technology to produce a large-scale culture of MSC.
- Lack of Preservation ways to store exosomes.
- Lack of a technology that can give exact details of exosome concentration in culture and the quality of exosomes.
- Lack of technology to Provide good details about the purity of the exosomes and conditions to transplant the exosomes for treatment.
- High cost.
- Surety if the safety of exosomes.
Conclusion:
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy is one of the revolutionary therapies for cell regeneration and reducing the growth of targeted cancer cells. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are more effective than MSC itself. They are effective in overcoming several challenges posed by mesenchymal stem cells.
