Stem cells are life-saving cells that can adapt and modify into any type of resident body cells. They thus act as a means of saving lives. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles formed through stem cells. Storage of stem cells could be difficult. Instead of this, exosomes that serve the same purpose and are relatively accepted by host cells more easily, are climbing up on the ladder of popularity. Exosomes are secreted by many cells of the body like the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. But the ones released from the human umbilical cord, the mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) are most useful. They have miraculous capabilities owing to their higher neurolysin activity than the HBMSCs exosomes. Stem cells can regenerate cells in any part of the body, but let us have a look at the therapeutic effects of MSCs in the context of skin.
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Stem Cell (MSC) Cutaneous Therapy
Currently, mesenchymal stem/stromal stem cell (MSC) therapy has come to the rescue of patients with skin disorders. The therapeutic effects of MSCs are to offer a relaxation cure of inflammatory reactions and aid skin regeneration. The MSCs heal wounds primarily via secretion of a myriad of paracrine factors in addition to the usual way of targeting and adapting to skin-resident cells. They are also microscopic with closed membranes. Thus MSCs could serve as an effective, cell-free approach to support skin regeneration.
Skin wound healing combines dynamic procedures using several cell types and growth factors. They target extracellular matrix (ECM) and also blood vessels. The MSCs-exosomes include frequent cytoplasmic and membrane proteins, transcription factors, and lipids, comprising receptors, enzymes, and ECM proteins, making them more competent for regenerating cutaneous wounds. They carry powerful nucleic acids, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Also, they carry messenger RNA (mRNA), and microRNA (miRNA). It has been practically seen that these exosomes boost the biological attributes of keratinocytes, immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, thereby offering sure-shot cutaneous regeneration and recovery.
MSCs Used In Angiogenesis
MSCs are used in a strong and effective procedure which is known as Angiogenesis, where new capillaries form in the place of previous blood vessels in your body. This is a good example of the therapeutic effects of MSCs. It is a procedure to effectively supply oxygen-rich blood to cutaneous tissues, in turn supporting wound healing. But in people with cancer, side effects could be tumor growth. This is a transforming therapy.
Limited Study on MSCs
During the last two decades, the attributes of MSCs have made it an inspiration for many therapies. Boosted by their power and pro-angiogenic factors, they facilitate endothelial cell recruitment and healing of skin-resident cells. This has brought about a paradigm shift in cutaneous wound healing. Yet, validation of MSCs and their therapeutic competency stands by limited clinical studies with small sample sizes. Also, there could be more randomized controlled trials to establish the therapeutic effects of MSCs.
So much growth in medical sciences is due to hard- work in the field of molecular sciences, and the advancement in technology. And there is more expected down the line in the treatment of cutaneous disorders. Stem Cell Technology has truly transformed the face of modern medicine.
